1 Samuel 17:55
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
1 Samuel 17:55
55 And when Saul saw David go forth against the Philistine, he said unto Abner, the captain of the host, Abner, whose son is this youth? And Abner said, As thy soul liveth, O king, I cannot tell.
Chapter Context
1 Samuel 17 is a biographical narrative chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of covenant, grace, creation. Written during the transition to monarchy (c. 1050-1010 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Israel transitioned from tribal confederacy to monarchy while facing Philistine military pressure.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-58: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it establishes important theological principles that resonate throughout Scripture. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within 1 Samuel and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
1 Samuel 17:55
55 And when Saul saw David go forth against the Philistine, he said unto Abner, the captain of the host, Abner, whose son is this youth? And Abner said, As thy soul liveth, O king, I cannot tell.
Analysis
And when Saul saw David go forth against the Philistine, he said unto Abner, the captain of the host, Abner, whose son is this youth? And Abner said, As thy soul liveth, O king, I cannot tell.
Saul's question 'whose son is this youth?' raises interpretive questions since David had previously served in his court (16:21-23). The Hebrew na'ar (youth/servant) emphasizes David's lowly status. Several explanations exist: Saul's inquiry concerns David's family for marriage eligibility per his promise (17:25), his unstable mental state caused forgetfulness, or the narrative presents a separate tradition. Regardless, the theological point remains clear - Saul asked about David's earthly lineage while heaven had already declared David's true identity as God's anointed. Abner's inability to identify David underscores how God elevates the obscure to confound the mighty.
Historical Context
Abner son of Ner was Saul's cousin and commander of Israel's army. His oath 'As thy soul liveth' was a standard ancient oath formula. Royal courts employed many servants, making individual recognition difficult. Saul's promise to reward Goliath's slayer with his daughter made family background essential for determining eligibility.
Reflection
- Why might God allow His chosen instruments to remain unknown to those in power until the appointed time?
- How does the contrast between David's obscure origins and his divine anointing encourage those who feel overlooked?